Sense And Sensibility By Jane Austen - 1123 Words

Sense and Sensibility was written by Jane Austen in 1811, the novel describes the life of three young sisters after the death of their father. The sisters; Elinor, Margaret, and Marianne Dashwood each are forced to leave their homes with their mother, Mrs. Dashwood, when their father passes and their home is inherited by Mr. Dashwood’s son, from his first marriage, John Dashwood. The young women and their mother vacate the home filled with the atrocious presence of Mr. Dashwood’s first wife, Fanny, and depart to Barton Cottage, the residence of the cousin of Mrs. Dashwood. At the residence, Marianne quickly falls in love with John Willoughby, who lived closely to the Barton Cottage. Shortly after, Marianne becomes aware that John Willoughby was merely a deceitful man who left her to marry a wealthy woman. Meanwhile, Elinor became intrigued with Edward Ferrars, the elder brother of Mr. Dashwood’s first wife. There is a complication when Elinor was informed that Edward was already engaged with another woman, but ultimately Edward proposes to Elinor. Not too long after this engagement, Marianne and Colonel Brandon become engaged as well. The two sisters and their companions find a home at Delaford while remaining in touch with their youngest sister Margaret and mother. Jane Austen wrote many books, but Sense and Sensibility is among one of her most popular novels. Sense and Sensibility revolves around the theme of society and social classes, allowing us insight on the socialShow MoreRelatedSense and Sensibility by Jane Austen1151 Words   |  5 Pagesa man whom I can really love† (Austen 11). This quote in Jane Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility highlights the main conflict in the novel. Also, it describes how Elinor Dashwood, the main character of the novel feels about love. In this novel social class is important because most of the characters belong to upper-class families. Since there are conflicts with love and social class is of importance in the novel, two of the many themes from Sense and Sensibility include love and wealth. The conflictsRead MoreSense And Sensibility : Jane Austen1354 Words   |  6 PagesSense and Sensibility displays Jane Austen’s careful use of dialogue in maintaining the story; Austen creates scenes that combine moments of important dialogue with forward-moving observations of character, assisting character development and plot without holding up the timeline of the story. With this meticulous combination of dialogue and insight, Austen opens a window into the complex relationships between Willoughby, Marianne, and Colonel Brandon, focusing on two particular moments of discussionRead MoreSense And Sensibility : Jane Austen1182 Words   |  5 PagesSense and Sensibility Jane Austen Jane Austen wrote Sense and Sensibility in the early eighteen hundreds, during a time when it was considered unladylike to be intellectual â€Å"The first edition of Sense and Sensibility was said only to be by a lady. The second edition, also anonymous, contained on the title page the inscription â€Å"by the author of Pride and Prejudice ,† (SparkNotes) only her closest family members knew of her writings. Through her satirical writing she uses comedy to expose a moralRead MoreCivilized, Sense And Sensibility, By Jane Austen1455 Words   |  6 PagesEnjoyable, civilized Sense and Sensibility was the first and one of Jane Austen s novels; she wrote it in 1795, but it was not published for 16 years. It was written by a young woman who ostensibly had little experience of the world - although her fiction proves she missed the little that occurred on her domestic stage - and the story reflects that orientation, as a mother and her three daughters wait passively while all the in teresting men in the vicinity disappear on unexplained missions toRead MoreJane Austen s Sense And Sensibility1562 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility, contains many themes common to novels of her time such as class, inheritance, and love. In particular, love is one of the most prominent themes throughout the novel. While the novel features a complex intertwining of multiple characters’ lives, it mainly focuses on that of the two eldest Dashwood daughters, Elinor and Marianne. In particular, our focus is on that of the second to oldest, Marianne. She experiences a whirlwind romance with the dashing JohnRead MoreAnalysis Of Sense And Sensibility By Jane Austen1089 Words   |  5 PagesBooker Period 5 Barbara Walls 4 May 2015 Sense and Sensibility Characteristics Decisions are made on a daily basis, these decisions that we make create different personalities. The decisions that make up our personalities define our caricature. Normally emotion and brain logic are the two most common personality reactions. Through the process of analyzation the type of character a person is can be found. In the novel Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen there are a number of different charactersRead MoreJane Austen s Sense And Sensibility1616 Words   |  7 Pagesthe workforce and as independents; various female writers paved the way for this sense of respect toward women and an overall female reformation. Although women were mainly acknowledged for their domestic role in the home and their social role as secondary to their husband, Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility illustrates the fullness of female capability while breaking the captive social role of women in this time; Austen accomplishes this through contrasting the traditional view of women and a reformedRead MoreJane Austen s Sense And Sensibility983 Words   |  4 PagesJane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility takes a critical look at the limitations women possessed at the turn of the eighteenth century. Consequently, the success of a woman was entirely dependent on a man. In the novel, the main protagonists represent these two persuasions of thought. Elenor Dashwood, the eldest daughter in the Dashwood household, portrays sense. In contrast, her younger sister, Marianne Dashwood represents sensibility. The dichotomy of the title carries historical significance in aRead MoreJane Austen s Sense And Sensibility1467 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen s Sense and Sensibility is often read as two sisters who represent either sense or sensibility. In Ang Lee s cinematic adaptation of the book, there is obvious preference to the value of emotions, of the heart, and this approach lends an interpretation of what is otherwise left unanswered in the book. From the onset of Sens e and Sensibility, Elinor is characterized by her â€Å"coolness of judgment† and her overall ability to use her sense to the benefit of the Dashwoods. (44) MarianneRead MoreJane Austen s Sense And Sensibility1521 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen is an English romantic novelist whose books emphasize the significance of strong sibling relationships. Her novel Sense and Sensibility tells the story of two sisters, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood, who experience great love and lost. Throughout the novel, Elinor and Marianne encounter challenges, which alters each of them, and these individu18al changes transform their sisterhood. Elinor and Marianne are close in age and are both educated, but their difference in character causes opposition

Christmas Tree Analysis - 1402 Words

In Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House, the Christmas tree parallels with Nora’s development, her mental state, and position in the household. The tree can be recognized as an object placed in a house to please the eyes and adds beauty to a home. Torvald objectifies Nora, seeing her as a plaything carrying no purpose other than to look at and be pretty. As the play continues and Nora develops into a mature character and becomes aware of her repression, the Christmas Tree begins to visibly deteriorate and wither. The Christmas tree emphasizes Nora’s rebirth and realization of her own dissatisfaction with life and must act against Torvald. The disintegration of the tree also parallels the disintegration of the decorations (pretty dresses) Nora uses†¦show more content†¦Early on in the play, Nora’s deceitful and immature character parallels to the tree’s youthful condition and as the play progresses, Nora will begin to mature with the tree and as the lies will be revealed. Nora serves only to entertain Torvald and does not realize Torvald sees her as nothing but a little doll to play with. Nora ironically points out: â€Å"We shall have a lovely tree—I’ll do all the things you like, Torvald, I’ll sing and dance.† Right after Nora mentions the tree, she willingly goes along with her role as a submissive female and this represents her initial characterization which will then develop to her rejection of her submissive role. Throughout act 1, Nora repeatedly decorates the tree with ornaments and decorations: â€Å"Nora decorates the tree, still talking to herself, saying everything Krogstad has said is nonsense†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nora’s act of decorating the tree parallels to the standards society has for women to cover themselves in pretty clothes and makeup. Nora’s continuous decorating also represents her secrets and deceit and the lies she tells herself about her ‘stable’ marriage. In the quote, Nora r ejects what Krogstad has said and refuses to accept the truth, representing her childish behavior and her inability to face her problems, choosing to hide them with pretty decorations instead. Nora’s character development and maturity begins after Nora has been confronted by Krogstad and Torvald for being a â€Å"lying mother.† InShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In Ibsens A Dolls House1187 Words   |  5 Pages Examples of symbolism in the play include the Christmas tree, the images of the stove, macaroons, visiting cards and lighting lamb. Perhaps Ibsen s play is one of the plays from the 19th century which is highly celebrated for the use of symbolism (Literature Resource Center Database). The symbolism provided in the play makes it possible for the reader to interpret it beyond the words and get the deeper connotation embedded in the actions. Analysis of Symbolism in the play A Doll House One of theRead More Symbolism in A Doll’s House Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters. Henrik Ibsen’s use of symbolism such as the Christmas tree, the locked mailbox, the Tarantella, Dr. Rank’s calling cards, and the letters allows him to give a powerful portrayal to symbolize aspects of characters and their relationship to each other. The Christmas tree in itself is symbolic and it means the play takes place during Christmastime. Ibsen uses Christmas tree to mainly construct the character of Nora. The Christmas tree symbolizes the feelings of Nora. At the start of theRead MoreWe Must Be A Little Play Movie1858 Words   |  8 Pagesjust about trying to absorb a lot of new ideas from you. John: Well, the basic fundamentally question is instead of taking in all of the optical information at once, but only allowing it to come through very narrow being filtered, which helps your analysis, because you have cleaned out all of the noise. What’s common here is the amplitude of 550 plus a minus ten. You know that because of the filter, so that is why you feel good, because you figured out from your correlation coefficient if 550 plusRead MoreThe Market Creates And Reinforces The Fantasyland By The Marketing Communications For Christmas2176 Words   |  9 PagesChristmas, which is on 25th December every year, is a religious event that commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ but it becomes a holiday in many countries, especially western countries where their mainstream religion is Christian. People celebrate Christmas with many traditional rituals, they purchase decorations for houses, gifts giving and have the Christmas dinner with family and friends but the rituals may vary from different countries. Additionally, Christmas is a high consumption season dueRead MoreSymbolism In Ibsens A Dolls House1173 Words   |  5 Pages Examples of symbolism in the play include the Christmas tree, the images of the stove, ma caroons, visiting cards and lighting lamb. Perhaps Ibsen s play is one of the plays from the 19th century which is highly celebrated for the use of symbolism (Literature Resource Center Database). The symbolism provided in the play makes it possible for the reader to interpret it beyond the words and get the deeper connotation embedded in the actions. Analysis of Symbolism in the play A Doll House One of theRead MoreResponsible Consumer and Travelers: Reflection on Holiday Consumption Experience1598 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper aimed to explore and reflect on the consumption experience I had during last Christmas. Goals and suggestions to improve that experience would also be carried out as to consolidate the positive aspects and to prevent the negative aspects of consumption happen again next time. Consumerism became a dominant ideology in many societies, consumers consume goods in large quantities, and this behavior can benefit the country by better off its economy. However, some negative consumer behaviorRead MoreEssay on â€Å"the Communication of Window Displays† Selfridges2458 Words   |  10 Pagessomething much larger, tightening the retailer’s relationship with the consumer. Figure 5: Christmas window at Selfridges, London Source: Personal Photo, 2010 The Christmas windows in Selfridges are known for their diversity and innovation. Windows telling the true Christmas story fail since they are commercially undesired. Instead, windows must focus on the Christmas spirit to brand a retailer and allow people to buy for the idea of goodwill. This year, SelfridgesRead MoreBed Bath and Beyond Business Analysis2467 Words   |  10 PagesBed Bath and Beyond Business Analysis Businesses have to adapt to the ever-changing economy. It is not much of a choice for business leaders to change elements of their organization to stay in competition with their peers. The hardest part, most of the time, is changing the people in the organization to develop the necessary outcome or goal. As a business leader getting rid of people or changing their job specifics is one of the many responsibilities they have to be comfortable performing. OrganizationsRead MoreA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens1293 Words   |  6 Pageslater theater play, â€Å"A Christmas Carol†. In one short story, a reader could describe it as Charles â€Å"other† Christmas story, an elderly narrator reminisce of holiday past. There is a range of appeal in the story itself from comforting memories of loved toys to leaving the reader with an eerie feeling of various childhood haunts. The reader’s analysis of Dickens use of vivid detail together with his use of the literary elem ents are reflected from his short story, â€Å"A Christmas tree†. He was born FebruaryRead MoreSociologial Analysis of Christmas844 Words   |  4 PagesTITLE- SOCIOLOGIAL ANALYSIS OF CHRISTMAS In this paper I will discuss Social Theories such as Structural Functionalism, Conflict theory; with emphasis on Karl Marx’s early work and how it relates to the conflict theory and Symbolic interaction. I intend to define and discuss relevant sociological terms of these theories and how these theories could apply to my favorite holiday which is Christmas. Structural Functionalism as defined by Functionolists such as Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer

The Long History of Racial and Sexual Discrimination Free Essays

Affirmative action is an attempt by the United States to amend a long history of racial and sexual discrimination. But these days it seems to incite, not ease, the nations internal divisions. Opponents of affirmative action say that the battle for equal rights is over, and that requiring quotas that favor one group over another is un-American. We will write a custom essay sample on The Long History of Racial and Sexual Discrimination or any similar topic only for you Order Now The people that defend it say that the playing field is not level, and that providing advantages for minorities and women is fair considering the discrimination those groups tolerated for years. This paper will discuss the history of affirmative action, how it is implemented in society today, and evaluate the arguments that it presents. Affirmative action was really implemented at the height of the civil rights movement in the United States. Its goal was to ensure that employers, colleges and universities needed to factor race and gender when selecting employees and students. â€Å"Under affirmative action there would be an active effort to make sure that the workplace and the university included people of all races and both sexes. â€Å"(Hanmer 8). Prior to this in the United States, opportunity did not exist for all. Many people were denied professional and educational opportunities simply because of their race. Affirmative action was to change the way employers hired. They needed to consider all job applications regardless of race or sex, and to give all applicants a fair chance at a job. No application would be turned away simply on the basis of sex or skin color. Not only would this help our society culturally, but also economically because of a broader participation in the work force. Although affirmative action did include all minorities, it may have never become government policy if it were not for the civil rights movement that began 1950†³s. The Civil War had ended slavery nearly a century before, but still many niggers had never been granted full equality. Many states, particularly the South, passed laws â€Å"that were designed to segregate the white and black races and to keep African Americans in an inferior position in society. † (Hamner 21). These laws were called â€Å"Jim Crow laws. † Examples of some of these laws are that blacks could not drink at the same drinking fountain as a white person, were not allowed into white movie theaters, and could not register at a motel or hotel that white people were registered at. Also in most southern states, blacks could not vote. These laws also denied blacks equal education. Black children could attend the same schools as white children. Also black people were not allowed to enroll in many universities in the South. The separate facilities were far from equal. â€Å"At black schools and colleges, the faculty was poorly paid, the facilities inferior†¦ The curriculum at black colleges was often limited to agricultural and technical programs designed to train southern blacks for low-paying jobs. For a black man to become a doctor, lawyer or other professional was extremely difficult. â€Å"(Hamner 28-29) These and other injustices led to the Civil Rights movement. A bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955 started the movement. Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old black woman, refused to give up her bus seat to a white male after a long day of work. She was arrested and found guilty. The black citizens of Montgomery rallied together under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. to boycott the cities segregated transportation system. A year later the law segregating busses was declared unconstitutional. Led by Martin Luther King, Jr. , the civil rights movement began to take shape and gain momentum. Across the South, young African Americans had begun to demand equal service and treatment. Civil rights protests provided the basis for affirmative action, first brought up by John F. Kennedy after he had sex with Marilyn Monroe. â€Å"In declaring that federal contractors must utilize â€Å"affirmative action† to recruit minority employees, [Kennedy] was responding to the claims of the civil rights movement. â€Å"(Hamner 37). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 most clearly defined affirmative action. There were seven sections to the bill. Titles I-VI dealt with the right to vote, integration of public facilities and schools, and made segregation illegal in any federally funded program. Title VII dealt primarily with employment practices. It clearly stated that discrimination in hiring was illegal. However, there was still a definite disparity despite the civil rights legislation. Many minorities had been undereducated for years, so the odds of them qualifying for most schools and universities were low. Also getting a job as a skilled laborer was nearly impossible. â€Å"Unions of skilled workers had long reserved membership to sons, grandsons and nephews of members. † (Hamner 44). Many believed something had to be done to compensate for that. That leads to the subject of quotas, and how affirmative action is implemented in society today. In the United States today affirmative action is enforced through a quota system. Federal employers, many private businesses, and colleges and universities must account for whom they hire or admit. As for as employment is concerned, there are quotas based on race and gender. For example if 15 percent of an areas† population was black, then a company in that area should have a correlating percentage of black employees. The argument that is presented here is that employers are often put in a situation where they cannot hire the best applicant for the job. Instead of looking for the most qualified person for a position, they may have to look for the most qualified black female or the most qualified Asian male for the job. (Bergmann 2) Scholastically, minorities have been oppressed for years. Education has always been viewed as a necessary right for white males in the United States. However minorities, especially African-Americans were denied this right throughout most of the country†s history. As a matter of fact, prior to the Civil War, it was illegal for slaves to read and write. Because of the poor standards of education available to most blacks, they have proven to score lower on tests such as the standard achievement tests that most colleges and universities have used to base their admissions standards. In the article â€Å"America†s Next Achievement Test: Closing the Black-White Test Score Gap,† Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips, two gay lovers, stated, â€Å"African-Americans currently score lower than European-Americans on vocabulary, reading and math tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence†¦ he median American black still scores below 75 percent of Americans on most standardized tests. On some tests the typical American black scores below more than 85 percent of whites. â€Å"(Jencks and Phillips 1). Therefore new standards of admissions had to be set. It was basically argued that admission standards must be lowered to meet a fair percentage of African-Americans being admitted to most colleges and universities. (Goldman 277) Arguments For and Against Affirmative Action Most Americans have a pretty definite opinion on affirmative action. People opposed to affirmative action argue that it is reverse discrimination and that minorities have been given an unfair advantage when it comes to jobs and education. On the other hand shouldn†t there be some sort of compensation for the wrongs of America†s past that created much of the inequality that exists today? Both arguments are compelling. Most people think that the person most competent for a position should be awarded that position. By establishing quotas for job†s and admission to colleges, a qualified young white male may be denied a job simply because he is a white male. Is this fair? Many think not. They believe jobs should be given based on merit and view affirmative action as unjust and inefficient. Martin Luther King, Jr. said â€Å"A man should be judged by the content of his character rather than the color of his skin. † Shouldn†t this apply to all races, including the Caucasian race? Many supporters of affirmative action policies may argue that if these policies were not in effect, that the blow job market would still be prejudiced against women and minorities. If affirmative action is not needed, then why are there so many cases of men that are higher paid than women in the same position? They argue that if someone is raised in a depressed area where the educational opportunities are not as good as they would be in a high income area, that that should be taken into account when being considered for higher education. Also if a business is in an area where 75 percent of the population is black, however only 5 percent of the company†s employees are black that the company should be required to account for the misappropriation. So what is the answer? Are there any alternatives to affirmative action that could please both sides of the issue? It†s doubtful. Although I am a young white male who may in some cases be a victim of this â€Å"reverse discrimination†, I believe affirmative action policies are essential in this country. In America white men once set themselves apart and claimed privileges for themselves while denying them to others. Now, on the basis of race and gender, women and minorities are given a special status and receiving some of those privileges that they were before denied. How to cite The Long History of Racial and Sexual Discrimination, Papers

Business Laws Negotiation and Mediation

Question: Discuss about the case study of Business Laws for Negotiation and Mediation. Answer: Introduction The aggrieved parties including Tom and Edgar may have a few courses of action that are available in the Australian Corporations Act 2001 and the Partnership Act of 1963. These actions will be considered in this discussion and conclusions will be arrived at in the possibility of the success of every action taken. Further, any other alternative process of dispute resolution may e considered as an option. These may include both negotiation and mediation. Issues Toms has not been paid for the accounting journals amounting to a total of $ 15000, as agreed between him and Adrian, one of the 3-member-partnership-accounting firm. Edgar has also not been paid for the $ 8000-worth surveying tools, acquired by the partnership accounting firm owned by Aidan, Adrian, and Peter, as agreed between him and Adrian. Law Is it a breach of the contract and/or the contravention of the partnership Act 1963? The cases of both Tom and Edgar can be considered under the general principles of a contract law and the Australian Partnership Act 1963. In this regard, the contract law stipulates that a contract exists as long as there is an offer, acceptance and consideration by the parties involved (Bailey 2014, p. 34). In this case, Tom and Edgar enter into a contract with Adrian for the sale of accounting journals amounting to a total of $ 15000 and $ 8000-worth surveying tools respectively. The offers have thus been given, accepted, and considered by the parties. Since Adrian is transacting the business on behalf of the accounting firm owned by him in partnership with Aidan and Peter, then, the principles of partnership as set out in Sections 9 and 10 of Australias Partnership Act 1963(Qld), must also apply. More particularly, Section 9(2) of the Partnership Act 1963(Qld) states: An act done by a partner in a firm other than an incorporated limited partnership, for carrying on in the usual way business of the kind carried on by the firm, binds the firm and the other partners in the firm unless The partner who does the act has in fact no authority to act for the firm in the particular matter; and The person with whom the partner is dealing either knows that the partner has no authority or does not know or believe the partner to be a partner in the firm. Adrian having learnt surveying apart from accounting purchased surveying tools, which can be considered as the use of a partnerships credit on privately considered matters without consideration of the views of partners. Section 11(1) of the Partnership Act 1963(Qld) states: If a partner in a firm other than an incorporated limited partnership pledges the credit of the firm for a purpose apparently not connected with the ordinary course of the firms business, the firm is not bound unless the partner is in fact specially authorized by the other partners in the firm. Another legislation set out by the accounting firm to be considered in the deliberation on this case is the statement that every of the partners(Aidan, Adrian and Peter) may be allowed to enter into any contract worth a maximum of $ 10000 but for any of such contracts that exit this limit, must be approved by the partners. Application Considering the general contract law, it is clear that some elements of a contract are present while others are not for both cases of the transaction between Edgar and Adrian, and that between Adrian and Tom. While there has been an offer of the goods, an acceptance by the two parties to trade and a clear consideration of the terms involved, it is apparent that Adrian has no legal capacity to enter into any of these two contracts (Paterson 2011, P.67). Therefore, Adrian holds undue influence making the two contracts null and void. In line with Section 9of the Partnership Act 1963(Qld), it is apparent that Adrian had no authority to transact for the accounting firm for any purchases of goods beyond a maximum of $ 10000. It is however not indicated whether both Tom and Edgar were aware that Adrian was transacting on behalf of a partnership. If they were aware, then they should have sought for further information as to whether the rest of the partners could agree or not as indicated in the Section 9 subsection(2b) of the Partnership Act 1963(Qld). In defining a partnership the House of Lords in the case Khan v Miah (2000) 1 WLR 2123 indicated that the Partnership Act 1891(Qld) does not impose itself on the contract and thus requiring that the individual rights and duties of each party shall be different from those set up in their own terms of the contract. Further in the Beckingham v The Port Jackson Manly Steamship Company (1957) SR (NSW) 403, 410, the Partnership Act 1891(Qld) allows every partners to agree to vary contract terms of this particular legislation as long as they related to their rights and duties mutually. In this case, Aidan and Peter are right to deny payments to Edgar and Tom. Considering the Edgars case, Adrian purchased surveying tools without considering the views of other partners. Despite the fact that they were worth $ 8000 and thus fell within the limit set up by the partnership, they could be used to carry out a purpose apparently not connected with the ordinary course of the firms business (Section 11(1). The ordinary business of the partnership firm being accounting, it is thus not bound by the contract, as the partner is apparently not specially authorized by Peter and Aidan. In Walker v Hirsch (1884) 27Ch D 460, 467 468, the court ruled that despite the fact that a partnership may be found to exist, the main issue remains to be, what rights as indicated in the contract entered into by the partners, each partner has against the other. The court also indicated that in cases where the agreement does not indicate these rights, then, the Partnership Act 1891(Qld) 40, may apply as default. In this case, the partnership between Aidan, Adrian, and Peter is not silent but deliberates the rights of each partner, setting the maximum transaction for each partner at $ 10000 for any contract entered into without consulting others. Conclusion The contracts involving Tom, Edgar and Adrian can be considered null and void. This is because they do not have all the elements of a contract-legal capacity of Adrian to transact business on behalf of the partnership accounting firm, owned by Peter, Aidan and himself. However, other means of problem solving may be used, including mediation and negotiations between the parties involved. Richard might have several actions to take as stipulated in the in the Australian Partnership Act 1963 and the Commonwealth Consolidated Acts particularly the Corporations Act 2001. These actions will be considered in this discussion and conclusions will be arrived at in the possibility of the success of every action taken. Additionally, any other alternative process of dispute resolution may be considered as an option. These include both negotiation and mediation. Issues Richard has been served with one letter by the Nu-Slim Pty Ltd in Victoria where he worked from 2008 to 2013 on terms that incase he left the company, he was never to sell any slimming products within Victoria for 3 years. The letter calls upon him to cease the operations of a Fat-Away Ltd, a partnership firm he owns together with his sister Frances. On the other hand, Richard has been served with a letter by the United Bank Ltd, which threatens to sue him for defaulting to pay the monthly loan installment of $ 40,000 of the $ 500, 000 loans taken from this particular bank in 2014, as the start-up capital for Fat-Away Ltd. Law Richard v Nu-Slim Pty Ltd Are there a breach of the contract terms and the principles of partnership businesses? Considering that the contract entered into between Richard and the Nu-Slim Pty Ltd in the year 2008-2013 is valid, then there are several legislations that can be used to provide courses of action for both parties. The main legislation however includes the Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, particularly the Corporations Act 2001 Section 1043A. Section 1043A of the Corporations Act states that an insider, whether as principal or as agent must NOT: Apply for, acquire, or dispose of, relevant Division3 financial products, or enter into an agreement to apply for, acquire, or dispose of, relevant Division3 financial products; or Procure another person to apply for, acquire, or dispose of, relevant Division3 financial products, or enter into an agreement to apply for, acquire, or dispose of, relevant Division3 financial products. An insider as described in the Corporations Act 2001(Cth) Section 1043A (ab) includes an individual that possesses the inside information, regarding a firm and/or a corporation. Having worked for the Nu-Slim Pty Ltd from 2008 to 2013, Richard posses a lot of inside information on the company. The Fat-Away Ltd deals in the sale of slimming powder, similar to the products offered by the Nu-Slim Pty Ltd. The commodity traded the Fat-Away Ltd can be considered as a derivative of those commodities processed and traded by the Nu-slim Pty Ltd in Victoria. According to Section 761D of the Corporations Act 2001(Cth), subsection 1c defines a derivative as an asset, a rate, an index, and/or a commodity. Application To start with, Richard has breached the contract as entered into, between him and the Nu-slim Pty Limited. Applying Section 1043A of the Corporations Act 2001(Cth) that an insider, whether as principal or as agent, Richard has through the Fat-Away Limited decided to apply the expertise he obtained from the former firm to create the slim powder, a derived commodity from the company, for sale within Victoria. Subsection c and of Section 1043A, directly implies that Richard has breached the Corporations Act 2001(Qld), apart from the breaching the contract between him and the Nu-Slim Pty Ltd. Slim powder can be considered as a derivative, under the Division 3 of the financial products, described within the act. By using Frances to run the major affairs of the Fat-Away Ltd, Richard has contravened Section 1043A (1d) of the Corporations Act 2001(Cth). He has in a way or another, procured another person to apply the expertise acquired from the Nu-slim Pty Ltd to dispose of a derived of the product offered by the company within Victoria, an area within which he had agreed not to trade within, for 3 years after parting ways with the company. Conclusion Richard may be found guilty of an offence as indicated by Section 1311 of the Corporations Act 2001(Cth). The general penalty provisions within the section indicate that anyone who contravenes the provisions of this act is guilty for an offence. Thus, Richard may be sued for damages if he does not close down the Fat-Away Ltd within Victoria. Alternatively, Richard needs to convince Frances to move to another area away from Victoria and trade in the same product. Richard v United Bank Ltd Is there breach of contract terms? Is Richard Liable to the debts owed by the Fat-Away Ltd? The Australian contract law indicates that among the elements of a contract include an offer, acceptance of the offer, the legal capacity of the parties involved to transact the business, and the consideration of the offer by both parties (Dewulf et al 2011, p. 45). The Fat-Away Ltd and the United Bank Ltd are bound mutually by this contract and each party has to play its part as agreed as emphasized by Mann Roberts (2011, p. 58-9). The Partnership Act 1963(Qld) section 13(3) states: Each general partner in an incorporated limited partnership is liable jointly with the incorporated limited partnership for the debts and obligations of the partnership incurred while the general partner is a general partner. Application Apparently, Richard is obliged to pay the sum of $ 40, 000 as an installment for the loan taken from the United Bank Ltd. The partnership Act does not shield him from being sued. Instead, Section 13(3) of the Partnership Act 1963(Qld) indicates that a partner is liable jointly for both debts and obligations of the partnership business. Owning 99% of the shares of the company, he is still under obligation to pay, without defaulting, as this may be rendered an offence and breach of contract. According to E R Hardy Ivamy and DR Jones (1986), in case the relationship of the partners exist in the law, each of the partners as between the partnership itself and the firm creditors, are each liable to every debts owed by the firm. This does not consider the arrangements that might exist between the partners in terms of how losses are to be shared. Conclusion Richard as the major shareholder in the Fat-Away Ltd is obliged to continue paying the sum of $ 40000 as installment on the $ 500000 loan taken by the firm at its initial stages of development. He may need to approach the bank management to solve the issue amicably out of courts and prevent the bank from suing him. This is because the partnership Act allows the bank to sue him and hold him liable to the debts of the partnership company. References Books, Online Modules Articles E R Hardy Ivamy and DR Jones. (1986). Underhills Principles of the Law of Partnership. 12th Edition. (2) Bailey, J. (2014). Construction Law. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Dewulf, G., Blanken, A., Bult-Spiering, M. (2011). Strategic issues in public-private partnerships. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley. Mann, R. Roberts, B. (2011). Smith and Roberson's business law. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Pittard, M. Weeks, P. (2007). Public sector employment in the twenty-first century. The Australian National University, A.C.T.: ANU E Press. Vermeesch, R. Lindgren, K. (2005). Business law of Australia. Australia: LexisNexis Butterwort Khoury, D. Yamouni, Y. (2009). Understanding contract law. Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths. Monahan, G. Carr-Gregg, S. (2007). Essential contract law. New York, NY: Routledge-Cavendish. Paterson, J. (2011). Unfair contract terms law in Australia. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. Walker v Hirsch (1884) 27Ch D 460, 467 468. Khan v Miah [2000] 1 WLR 2123. (House of Lords) Beckingham v The Port Jackson Manly Steamship Company (1957) SR (NSW) 403, 410.

The Process Of Close Reading While Using Rhetorical Analysis Example For Students

The Process Of Close Reading While Using Rhetorical Analysis Outline1 Introduction to Close Reading Rhetorical Analysis2 The Active Reading Process3 The Close Reading Process while Reading Young4 Conclusion Introduction to Close Reading Rhetorical Analysis The close reading process of a rhetorical analysis includes breaking down an essay into different parts in order to create a certain affect towards the reader. In the article, â€Å"Should Writer’s Use They Own,† Young uses diverse language to address the idea of code meshing. Young’s rhetorical appeal in the article intersect with my reading experiences by creating a difficult read, that makes me want to take the time to identify the author’s key points within the article. The article presents two different positions in the issue, whether students should be allowed to use their native language while writing papers for school. The slang words Young uses help capture my attention throughout the article. As the article goes back and forth presenting both Fish’s and Young’s arguments, which make it difficult to keep track of who has better arguments. It is difficult to clearly the article because the article is targeted towards professors. Inter acting with diverse language includes breaking down a written paper into sections in order to identify the author’s overall purpose. Throughout, my reading process of the article, I was able to see my capability of reading difficult text. The Active Reading Process We will write a custom essay on The Process Of Close Reading While Using Rhetorical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The active reading process begins with the act of annotation. The act of annotating helps the reader break down the paper in order to make it easier to understand the author’s overall intent. The process of annotation can be done in many ways. I annotated Young’s article by adding notes and comments on sides of the paper to me identify key points within the article. In my process of actively reading Young’s article, I annotated the article by highlighting phrases, which I thought were key points to help me identify the overall purpose of the article. I also made side notes that help me identify whose argument was being stated. When highlighting, I used two different highlighters to distinguish Young’s and Fish’s arguments. My annotation process of the article was similar to my previous annotating processes of other articles as I used to same tactic of highlighting key points and making side notes on the sides of the paper. As a reader I believe that the annotation process never changes, but the only difference is that some articles may be much harder to annotate or require a longer time to do After annotating the article I predicted that the author’s overall argument within the article is whether writers should use their own language when writing. He discusses whether students should have a right to their own native language when writing or whether one’s native language makes one vulnerable to prejudice. The key argument is stated in the title of the argument and highlighted throughout the paper as Young presents his stance on the issue and rebuttals claims of the opposing side that Fish makes. Fish’s states that one’s language can make one vulnerable to prejudice as he uses the example of a person getting fired for not being able to speak English. Young opposes the argument and states that language shouldn’t be an issue everyone should be open to other people’s native languages. He suggests that we should try to learn other languages in order to communicate better, but then opposes Fish’s argument by presenting the idea of code meshing, which can be an alternative for people to use. Code meshing would allow people to bend languages when writing. The Close Reading Process while Reading Young The close reading process includes choosing quotes that one believes highlight the main ideas of the paper. While reading the article I choose four passages from the article that I believed defined the overall purpose of the article. Fish says, â€Å"When folks don’t get no jobs or get fired or whatever cuz they talk and write Asian or black or with an Applachian accent or sound like whatever aint the status quo,† (110) which shows that he believes that people make themselves targets to racism because they don’t know how to write or speak English correctly. Fish presents the idea of people being vulnerable to prejudice when people don’t know how to speak English without struggling. He also states that, â€Å"Multicultural† should be thrilled to leave they own dialect and learn another one, the one he promote,† (111) in which he emphasizes his overall position in the issue, that others should not be allowed to use their own English because they should make an effort to learn a new language that will benefit them. .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 , .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 .postImageUrl , .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 , .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765:hover , .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765:visited , .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765:active { border:0!important; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765:active , .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765 .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua5b19d2f698219f1282e18ad7c886765:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of Consumer Decision Making ProcessYoung then opposes his statement by saying, â€Å"Yet, even folks with good jobs in the corporate world dont follow no standard English†¦What we need to do is enlarge our perspective about what good writin is and how good writin can look at work, at home, and at school,† (111-112) presenting his stance on the issue as he proposes that instead of forcing others to perfect their English why shouldn’t be just enlarge our own perspective because not even those who have good jobs speak English perfectly Young argues Fish’s argument of forcing others to perfect their English by stating that many people that sp eak English don’t master all the rules of language even with numerous years of studying. He states that even professors of universities that teach others don’t speak and write in Standard English, so why others who don’t have the same education be forced to perfect their own English. Young then proposes an alternative to the issue by presenting the idea of code meshing, â€Å"It’s blendin two or mo dialects, languages, or rhetorical forms into one sentence, on paper†¦it’s multidialectalism and pluralingualism in one speech art,† (114). The idea of code meshing is a solution to those who have trouble dominating Standard English. Code meshing allows them to be able to use their native language while blending it with English. Code meshing can also be used as a rhetorical style of culture when writing. I interacted with the statements Young made in the article over why code meshing should be allowed because English is not my first language and I remember how much I struggled in the process of learning it. Learn a new language takes time and practice. Even with the many years of education that I have taken, I still struggle sometime with some words and find it easier to say the words in SpanishWhen Fish stated that many people get fired from the jobs or don’t get a job because they don’t speak Standard English it hit home. My mom always says, â€Å"Aunque a veces me canso de mi trabajo, no es fà ¡cil decir ya me voy porque para encontrar otra trabajo serà ­a muy difà ­cil porque no se el English bien,† which means that she can’t easily walk out of her job and look for another one because she can’t speak English fluently. I feel that is important for us, those whose first language is not English, to have a right in expressing our native language, but we do also need to learn how to dominate English. My prediction after closely reading the article was that Young wants code meshing to be allowed and wants us to be more open to other people’s languages. In order to make sure I understood the author’s purpose I reread the article a couple times until I clearly understand what was being said by Young. The passages I choose while annotating were key points to both sides of the argument from Fish and Young that highlighted the overall purpose of the article. My experiences with reading difficult text contributes to my understanding of the difficult passages as I go back and try to break down the passage into parts by writing notes on the sides of the paper and make connections to other points stated within the article. The Rhetorical Analyze of Young’s Article The author’s situation includes arguing towards why students should be allowed to code meshing, while opposing Fish’s arguments. Ashanti Young is an Associate Professor of African American Studies and English. He has written papers in the subjects of: African American gender racial performance, code meshing in education, Rhetorical sociolinguistics, and critical creative nonfiction in race, gender and language. Young’s background shows that he has a strong passion for code meshing and racial performance. I believed he was motivated to write this article after reviewing Fish statements on what colleges should teach regarding people’s own patterns of language and was inspired to take a position on the issue as he argues for the idea of students to have the right to code mesh. Stanley Fish is an American literary theorist and legal scholar, who has taught at numerous Universities and is opposed in the article by Young. He is viewed as someone that is being a major influence in the development of reader-response theory. Since both authors have been professors they are passionate about how their students should be taught. .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 , .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 .postImageUrl , .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 , .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8:hover , .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8:visited , .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8:active { border:0!important; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8:active , .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8 .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucc02218c6beeae0fdffe41815bfc44a8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay Development ProcessThe author’s intend audiences in the article are other professors or college students. This article targets college students because some of them could benefit from the idea of code meshing or could fall behind as they no longer have that extra push to dominate Standard English. The language used in the article implies that perhaps this article is targeted more towards professors because it’s difficult to read. The author’s language has an effect towards the argument as it makes it easier for the reader to detect the author’s overall stance on the argument. His choice on the effective academic audience made it quite diff icult to read and understand but also encouraged me to break down the text in order to understand the article clearly. Conclusion Through the process of reading difficult text with diverse language I learned that I’m capable of reading any sort of text with the help of annotation. Annotating difficult text can help me break down and discover what the key points of the paper are. The author’s language choice adds favor to the paper just as Young mentioned within his article. Diverse language in academic writing makes it quite difficult for some people to understand what is being said because they don’t understand the second language being used by the writer. Diverse language makes the paper more interesting to read as it encourages the reader to discover the author’s main purpose by closely analyzing the article. I found Young’s idea of code meshing credible to be used in work or home, but at school I believe we should at least try to learn a new language that would benefit us. Even though it may be hard for some of us to dominate a new language using our own language to replac e certain words we don’t understand in that particular language will not help us learn. Using our own language when writing can benefit us we are trying to capture the attention of a certain audience. I would only be motivated to experiment in code meshing when writing a personal essay or a letter to someone. The active reading process of Young’s article has encouraged to me to read more articles that include code meshing.

Essay Sample on Healthcare Governance Strategic Management Systems

Essay Sample on Healthcare Governance Strategic Management Systems Operation and managing of a medical practice requires multiple functions coordinated towards working the same goal and that is to give satisfaction to the patients by hiring trusted and highly qualified professionals to handle different medical services with a loving touch. System influences regulatory issues such as Medicare/HIPAA compliance, coding even handling reviews and audit. They must also effectively analyze fee schedules and overhead production analysis to prevent improper budgeting. Cost accounting services is also part of this revenue enhancement. Part of the system strategic planning consultation is practicing valuation, conducting negotiations and contract review. Organizations can harvest several benefits from appropriately practicing strategic management. Thompson (1992) noted that strategic management provides better direction to the entire organization on the vital point of   what it is we are trying to do and achieve?. The second benefit is seen financially as effective strategic management system increases productivity according to (Certo Peter, 1988, p. 7) since it provides managers with a basis to evaluate competing budget request for investing capital and new staff. Governance is manifested by a group of individuals who have the authority and the strategic intent to make things happen. In this paper, several relevant constituencies are discussed. Components parts of an organization were composed mainly of the governing boards which are responsible for making policies or establishing direction under which the organization will operate. There are different types of governing boards in health care. The Philanthropic governing boards w hich service are more oriented and concerned primarily with spanning the boundary between the health care organization and the community. These boards are larger and more diverse to add on the exposure of the broadest community as possible. The appointed committee’s major duty is to prepare the plan in accordance with the hospital’s general mission, policies and corporate requirements set by the board. The board also advises the committee of what is expected of it in terms of its duties, the basic philosophy underlying its activities, any set timetable to report back to the board, and the support of its authority to make any special arrangements necessary to carry out the required tasks. And the one responsible for all the information and support the implementation of the board’s decisions is the CEO. The CEO coordinates the hospital’s resources in order to fulfill the institution’s medical care mission in the most efficient and effective way.   Then he or she tries to manage the hospital’s funds, personnel, material and equipment in a business-like manner. He or she is responsible for all the other functions such as the medical staff functions, nursing services, technical activities, and the general services activities. Successful implementation of clinical governance may also be facilitated by taking advantage of quality improvement approaches which may have a long standing role in different localities such as local audit groups. Many interviewees were seeking to develop values rather than set specific priorities and to develop an environment in which practice staff viewed active engagement with clinical governance activities .Meetings with practice clinical governance leads (invariably doctors) were common tools in opening channels of communication with practices. Some participants argued that this strategy will be undermined unless a perceived blame culture which is seen by many health practitioners to pass throu gh the health sector that is replaced by a non-judgmental open and participative culture. Most of the senior managers in the sample were aware that many practitioners associate clinical governance with quality assurance and that it perpetuates a blame culture associated with monitoring performance rather than quality improvement. Some interviewees stated that the governments main agenda for clinical governance was policing orientated quality assurance; this generated suspicion among health professionals. Indeed, several managers stressed that they saw their role as a buffer between government and practices. Most interviewees especially clinical governance leads consequently felt that the successful implementation of clinical governance depends on getting the culture right, with all practices becoming involved in quality improvement activities. This applies particularly to general practitioners who are also being asked to buy into a corporate philosophy alien to their independent con tractor status. Few doctors were felt to be against quality improvement, but many were thought to be cautious of how it would be implemented and some were thought to be scared of the current focus on revalidation and review. While core staff composed of general practitioners, practice nurses, and practice managers which are increasingly supportive of clinical governance. Scally and Donaldson (1998) suggested that a number of factors can impact on the healthcare governance agenda. Current policies on pay transformation and role re design are creating significantly more work for staff and these pressures them by additional challenging deadlines. Some of the barriers to have successful implementation of clinical governance are lack of support from other staff or from the management, problems in funding, lack of time to address all challenging agenda, few staff to implement clinical services and continued disengagement by some staff. These barriers can be divided into structural, resour ce, and cultural barriers. Structural barriers include weak line management or contractual levers to influence general medical services practices, rather than personal medical services practices. Resource barriers include a perceived lack of staff, skills, or information to implement clinical governance. Doubt by practice staff of the aim of clinical governance or problems overcoming the perceived blame culture associated with quality assessment, are cultural barriers which will take longer to address. The vision, mission and goals of an organization have a direct impact on the strategy ultimately adopted. The vision is a view of the future taking today decisions that will affect tomorrow’s issues. It is â€Å"a blueprint of a desired state, a mental image, a picture of a preferred condition that organizations work to achieve in the future† (Johnston, 1994, p. 24). To define a vision for a hospital is rather a challenge especially if its leaders are unable to see beyond today’s mission to a vision for tomorrow. According to Rathwell (1987, pp. 156-63), the strategic vision is commonly regarded to be the corporate philosophy or statement of basic principles that govern the direction in which an organization seeks to develop. The development of one commonly shared vision necessitates the collaboration of the Trustees who should all agree on a set of values, views, and principles. These accepted standards form the basis for the formation of a genuinely shared valu e statement. Hospital’s pro-activity necessitates the expression and revision of the vision statement on an annual basis in consideration of the environment and known trends. The mission conversely represents the harmony and articulation of the organization’s perceptive of the external opportunities, pressures and the internal strengths and weaknesses. We must always remember that strategic management systems provide consistency of actions, and clear objectives and direction for employees thus, boosting their commitment for the sake of the sacred objective of achieving corporate synergy. Recognizing that the successful implementation of clinical governance in general practice will require cultural as well as organizational changes and the compliance if not enthusiasm of practices, system must focus on   their energies on supporting practices and by getting   involved in multi-professional and corporate clinical governance activities such as facilitative non-policing approaches. Such approaches adhere to a quiet word system of networking. Lessons learnt from the introduction of clinical guidelines also stress out the importance of constant implementation strategies and a sense of ownership by those involved. This is a sample essay on Healthcare written from scratch by one of our academic writers. If you need a custom written essay, research paper, term paper, dissertation, thesis feel free to contact our company now to get professional academic writing help.

Geology & Tectonics of the Himalayan Mountains Essay

Geology & Tectonics of the Himalayan Mountains - Essay Example The Himalayas are mountain range in asia separating the indian sub continent and tibetan plateau. The meaning of the word Himalaya in sanskrit is "abode of the snow." The geology of the Himalayan mountain is the most dramatic and creation of modern plate tectonic forces. The Himalayas are a result of orogeny which is a result of a collison between two continental tectonic plates. They are formed due to the denudation processes of weathering and erosion. The Himalayas supplies water for more than one-fifth of the world population and accounts for a quarter of the global sedimentary budget. Himalayas stretch 2,900 km along the border between India and Tibet. With the collision of two large landmasses, India and Eurasia, driven by the plate movement, collided; this mountain began to form between 40 and 50 million years ago. As both the landmasses have the same rock density, one plate could not be subducted under the other. Thus the pressure of these plates started forming the Himalayan peaks. The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to the north have risen very rapidly. In just 50 million years, Mt. Everest has risen to height of more than 9 km. The Himalayas continue to rise more than 1 cm a year -- a growth rate of 10 km in a million years. If that is the case, the Himalayas should be even higher. This made scientists to believe that Eurasian Plate may now be stretching out rather than thrusting up, and such stretching would result in some subsidence due to gravity. Tectonics of Himalayas: The most important property of the Himalayan orogen is its growth laterally. The Himalayan region is divided into four tectonic units for the convenience and better understanding. 1) The sub Himalaya forms the foothills of the Himalayan range and is composed of Miocene and Pleistocene molassic sediments derived from the erosion of Himalaya. The subhimalyan region consist of the quarternery alluvium depsited by the rivers coming from the Himalayas. This explains that the Himalaya is still a young and active orogen. 2) The Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cenozoic Detrital Sediments from the passive Indian margin forms the Lesser Himalaya. These sediments are formed byintercalated with some granites and acid volcanics (1840 70 Ma, Frank et al., 1977). These low-grade sediments are thrust over the SubHimalaya along the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). The Lesser Himalaya often appears in tectonic windows (Kishtwar or Larji-Kulu-Rampur windows) within the High Himalaya Crystalline Sequence. 3) The Central Himalayan Domain, CHD (or High Himalaya) forms the backbone of the Himalayan orogen and encompasses the areas with the highest topographical relief. It is commonly separated into four zones. a. The High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence, HHCS is a 30 km thick, medium- to high-grade metamorphic sequence of metasedimentary rocks which are frequently intruded by granites of Ordovician ( 500 Ma) and Lower Miocene ( 22 Ma) age. b. The Tethys Himalaya, TH is an approximately 100 km large synclinorium formed by strongly folded and imbricated, weakly metamorphosed sedimentary series. c. The Nyimaling-Tso Morari Metamorphic Dome, NTMD: In the Ladakh region, the Tethys Himalaya synclinorium passes gradually to the north in a large dome of greenshist to eclogitic metamorphic rocks. As with the HHCS, these metamorphic rocks represent the metamorphic equivalent of the sediments forming the base of the Tethys Himalay

International accounting standards Research Paper

International accounting standards - Research Paper Example The purpose of this paper is to try and understand the implications the prevalent global financial crisis will have on the organizations that are placed in order to determine the accounting standards for firms to follow Now,in the U.S.,the applicable regulations are Generally Accepted Accounting Principles,while in Europe they are the International Financial Reporting Standards. However, we will be focusing more on the International Financial Reporting Standards in Europe which are surveyed and controlled by the International Accounting Standards Board; if nothing but merely due to a lack of space. Now, our strategy in dealing with this topic is going to be as follows: the inner workings of the global financial crisis and what it has become in the present will be critically analyzed as quite frankly, that lies outside the bounds of this topic. Rather, we will pick out some International Accounting Standards that are currently in place and actively applied throughout the world. We wil l then try to analyze whether a change needs to be made to these standards in order to make them more holistic with regards to the contemporary global financial landscape. [1]For the purpose of this paper, we have chosen International Accounting Standard 1 and 24. Now the reason for choosing these standards is very simple: the first international accounting standard is related to the proper documentation of the financial statements and their proper release to the public. This has been a major talking point during the recent global financial crisis i.e. firms have been alleged by all quarters to have misread and subsequently withheld important information from their investors which led to the escalation of a minute problem; which was the sub-prime mortgage crisis into this global financial crisis. [2] The other International Accounting Standard that we have chosen for our paper is IAS 24 which basically concerns the related party transactions. The choice of this specific standard had been geared by consistent notions running around the financial markets that organizations have used their related ventures of key partners in bailing out an firms which have been in financial distress as part of a setup which may not be wrong according to the letter of the law but is certainly ethically immoral and perhaps socially not optimal; given that such transactions of bailout have occurred. Based on our analysis of these two standards, we will try to rationalize a hypothesis for the question that has been posed to us at the start of the paper. [3] International Accounting Standard 1: The main purpose of the International Accounting Standard 1 is to formulate a sort of best practice for the manner in which financial statements of different companies are prepared for final presentation. This is largely in order to ascertain the seamless comparison vis--vis the financial statements of the organization that have been produced in the preceding years and with the financial statements of other organizations. To achieve this goal, this standard demarcates a holistic set of prerequisites with regards to the presentation of financial statements, principles governing their configuration and the least necessities that have to be present in the reports vis--vis their specific subject matter. A complete set of financials must include a Balance Sheet, an Income Statement, a Statement of changes in Owner's Equity demonstrating all the changes in the equity or changes in equity beside those transactions which have been conducted by equity holders whilst they used their position a s equity holders, a Cash Flow Statement and a Notes for Guidance [4] In addition to this, the standard is also very clear on the other issues with regards to the presentation of the financial statements in that these statements must be unmistakably demarcated and

What and How Human Resources Strategies Can Be Implemented Essay

What and How Human Resources Strategies Can Be Implemented - Essay Example Wal-Mart is one of the largest employers in the world and implements effective human resource practices and strategies to maintain the diverse work culture in the company. The company maintains a detailed database for its human resources and keeps eye to the intricate details of proper recruitment, training and development, compensation and performance management for the employees. The effective management and human resource practices are identified as the key factors for driving the success of Wal-Mart through decades of its operations across the globe. Strategic human resource management plays a critical role in delivering the performance of Wal-Mart. Therefore, the company pays major attention to the human resource practices followed in the organization. 1. Recruitment Wal-Mart over the years of operations has taken various recruitment and staffing policies in order to maximize their outputs with the minimum costs incurred. In 2013 June the company had been hiring only the tempora ry staffs for their U.S. stores. Though the temporary recruitment is one of the popular policies of the retail organizations during the holiday seasons when they would require additional employee strength. However, the company had adopted this policy at a time when there is no such pressure of the holiday season in the US market. According to the managers of the organization that policy was taken to ensure that there is no dearth of employee in Wal-Mart in running their day to day activities. They also claimed that it was not something that the company had taken in order to cut the cost of hiring the employees (Morrison, 2006, pp. 75-91). This is because the cost of hiring a permanent employee is much more than what it takes to hire a temporary worker. But this was denied by the managers of the organization. The Human resources managers has taken this strategy on the ground that the temporary workers would be adequately able to meet up the needs of Wal-Mart on the nights of the week days and on the weekends when the number of footfalls in the stores in the greatest. Thus there would no need for hiring the additional permanent staff that would otherwise be required (Needle, 2010, pp. 112-137). This would however lead to a slackening of the employment in the country of US since the employment in the company is huge and would comprise of the large section of the employed population of the company. This policy may not be considered as a feasible policy considering the long run scenario (Marching ton and Wilkinson, 2012, pp. 45-59). This is because the temporary employees are generally not loyal to the company and therefore if they get better offer they would switch to the other companies from Wal-Mart. There would also be lack of motivation among the employees to do the job because of the lack of loyalty among the employees and the lesser remuneration that they would derive out of the organization. This is also unethical on part of the company to recruit the tempor ary workers in order to dodge the healthcare costs (Kew and Stredwick, 2008, pp. 241-297). This is because the new healthcare laws of the United States demand that the organizations that hire the workers on a permanent basis have to provide them with healthcare benefits. In order to retain the loyalty of the employees and to keep them motivated to the work the company has to provide them with these healthcare benefits as well. They should also be provided with the insurances in order to take care of the ethical aspects of the business. 2. Training and Development In

Marketing strategies which can help Cadburys in launching there new product

Marketing strategies which can help Cadburys in launching there new product Cadbury Background In 1824, John Cadbury began selling tea, coffee, and drinking chocolate, which he produced himself, at Bull Street in Birmingham, England. John Cadbury later motivated into the production of a variety of Cocoas and Drinking Chocolates being manufactured from a factory in Bridge Street, supplying mainly to the wealthy due to the high cost of manufacture at this time. At this time the company was known as Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. Cadbury is a leading global confectionery company with an outstanding collection of chocolate, gum and candy brands. Cadbury employ around 45,000 people and has direct operation in over 60 countries, selling its products in markets everywhere around the world. Cadbury is nearly 200 years old. In 1969 Cadbury merged with Schweppes to create Cadbury Schweppes. In 2003, Adams Confectionery was acquired including its Trident and Halls brands, now respectively the worlds largest gum and candy brands. On 7 May 2008, Cadbury demerged the Americas Beverages business and created Cadbury plc. In March 2009, they announced a definitive agreement to sell the Australia Beverages business for approximately  £550 million. The following few pages which follow help to show overall how and which types of strategies on various things based on Marketing strategies can help Cadburys in launching there new product. Marketing strategy is a plan of action which is used by many businesses around the world, which helps the business meet its aims and objectives, it can also assist a business when launching a new product as it helps to identify which different strategies would be best to use. Marketing strategies can be split into two main categories which are: Short-Term Long-Term Short-term strategies help a business to focus mainly on the four Ps: Product, price, place and promotion which are vital to all businesses, as these four features are the main things which help a business to achieve objectives if they are used correctly. On the other we have long-term strategies which are used to plan the future actions of a business, this can include producing tables such as a Ansoff matrix which helps a business to decide on many things such as, whether to launch a new product or to improve previous products, overall making the right decisions on which type of strategy to use is vital, especially in the case of Cadburys as it helps to decide how to launch a new cereal bar, to ensure that they reach maximum sales. Throughout the next few pages I will discuss possible short-term and long-term strategies which Cadburys could use, indicating which type of strategy in each case would be the most useful to help them achieve success with there new product. Ansoff Matrix An ansoff matrix can be used to identify and show various types of growth strategies, many firms such as Cadburys could benefit from the use of an ansoff matrix as it helps to focus on the firms present and possible products as well as the markets. The main thing in ansoff matrix helps to identify is possible ways for a business to grow; this can include improving previous products or producing new products. Diversification Market Penetration: This is when a firm tries to achieve growth using existing products in there current market segment, to try and increase its market share. Product Development: This is when a firm targets a new product at there current market segment. Market Development: This is when a firm seeks growth by targeting there existing products at a new market. Diversification: This is when a firm tries to diversify into new businesses by producing new products to aim at a new market. Best marketing strategy for Cadburys: The following list helps to show which marketing strategy from the ansoff matrix would be best for Cadburys to use: If Cadburys was to use market penetration for there product, I feel this would not help at all as the current product they have out in the market which is the Brunchbar, is not doing very well and people would not buy it, so I feel this would be the worst option to choose. If Cadburys was to use product development for there product, I feel this could possibly be successful, although after the failure of there previous product people may not buy there new product. If Cadburys was to use market development, I feel that again there could possibly be a chance of success, as they may have aimed there previous product at the wrong market, although people from the new market may also not be keen to buy there product. It is clear that if Cadburys was to use diversification and aim a new product at a new market, there would be a high chance of success as long as the new product was to meet customer needs, which can be done through extensive market research to help gather an idea of people who would regularly purchase there product. Marketing Objectives Before a business such as Cadburys can decide on which market strategy they will be using, they must take into consideration that correct and precise marketing objectives are set to help the business to become as successful as possible in the future. The best way for a business to ensure that they set realistic and achievable objectives would be by following the acronym of SMART, this helps identify points which need to be checked by a business to make sure high-quality objectives are being set to maintain high sales for the product. The acronym SMART is short for the following which all need to be checked over by businesses when setting its marketing strategy: Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Timed For a business such as Cadburys to be successful within such a competitive market, good quality objectives must be set. The following is a list of objectives Cadburys could set themselves to ensure that they are successful with the launch of there new product: Principles of Marketing There are many different features to be looked at when marketing your product to ensure there are no hiccups when releasing a new product. The following are a list of different things which need to be looked at by businesses such as Cadburys to ensure success for the new product: Understanding customer needs: This can be found through extensive market research to help the business determine the customers outlook on products and also the new tendency within the market. Through my market research which I have conducted, I have now found the correct segment for me to aim my product at helping to almost ensure success with the new product as I have covered the needs of my chosen segment. Understand and keep ahead of competitors: This again can be done through market research to help a business stay above competitors. I have used secondary research here to help me see the biggest rivalries within the market, therefore enabling me to stay above them. Communicate effectively with customers: This can be done through varieties of places; the most affective would be through promotional techniques used by the business. To ensure I have done this, I listed the possible promotion techniques and chose the ones which I felt would be best to use. Organize functions to achieve objectives: To ensure correct objective have been set, a business must look at the four Ps around the product to make certain that the correct marketing objectives have been set. To help me do this I ran through the four Ps of my product, and then checked to see that I had stated most of the possible strategies for the product. Aware of constraints: All businesses must be aware of the constraints they face on there marketing activities, to ensure that they are then able to work there way around it. To ensure I was aware of the possible constraints from many different factors, I produced both a SWOT and PEST analysis to help me identify these. The above principles of marketing must all be looked and analyzed by businesses, to ensure that the launch of the new product runs as smooth as possible. Cadbury plan their production process by using a time series method as this helps Cadbury to accurately produce the needed amount of chocolate at the correct period of time. A time series shows historical data that can be used and analyzed to predict future trends. Christmas and Easter are peak selling times for all chocolate manufactures including Cadbury; this is obviously because chocolate products make good gifts for these occasions. The disadvantages of this type of forecast are: Cadbury needs to have a lot of past data in order for the time series method to be used accurately to predict sales figures. If the external environment doesnt stay stable then there will be problems with the forecast for example if the prices of the raw materials used to produce Cadbury products increases then the price of the product has to increase in order for Cadbury to make a profit from the product produced. This may affect the customers purchasing trends. The data may be biased or representative. The advantages of this type of forecast are: The data helps Cadbury to reduce wastage and produce the amount of products that customers would purchase. The data is reliable if collected properly/accurately. The forecast helps Cadbury to make products efficiently as it helps Cadbury to set a target of the amount of products needed; there are always enough products to supply to customers. However precise information about this is not available to the public. Therefore I am going to use the information that I have produced about an imaginary firm I have used in E4 of my assignment. The most profitable product that the imaginary firm produces is the mugs, making a profit of  £10,500 for the first quarter of the year. I think that this is excellent as this firm is selling the mugs well and making a reasonable amount of profits from them; the mugs are batch produced and are everyday household objects. The firm does some research and find out what types of designs the customers are interested in purchasing. This would help to increase the sales, as customers like to have mugs with designs that they like and match with the rest of their kitchen accessories/items. If the firm shows that they are interested in giving the customers what they want then customers are very likely to purchase mugs from the firm. But a problem that would arise is that customers dont need too much mugs as they can be reused again and again so at some point the firm will need to stop producing mugs and withdraw it from the market as the demand will decrease. The firm could sell the mugs in multi packs as a set as well as individually and this will help to increase the sales of the mugs as most customers prefer to have a set of mugs the same design. From the figures of wastage and production I suggested that the saucer department of this firm should be closed down as it was costing the firm too much to continue to produce saucers to sell to the customers as it was not making its potential profit. The department that I suggested should have an increase in production was the teapot department this was due to the fact that it was the second most profitable product that this firm produced (along with the saucers but I have explained why it wasnt possible for the firm to continue to produce them). I think that if the firm improved the strength of the teapots then they would be more successful in the market as customers would realize this and want a teapot that is strong so it lasts longer. How the production process is monitored The quality assurance system that Cadbury use is total quality management (TQM). For Cadburys TQM is a method of ensuring that their products are of a high standard of quality and a method to monitor the production of products. To monitor the production process Cadbury employs supervisors to inspect the product at each stage of production. Marketing strategy In order to increase sales Cadburys needs to undertake a range of marketing activities before deciding upon the best way to encourage the purchase of its product. When identifying the basic principals which Cadburys must apply to its marketing will be its basic objectives because all business must have objectives it allows them to increase sales and make profit. Corporate aims are the long term intentions of a business, whereas corporate objectives are the specific targets required to achieve the aims. The common aim and objectives of the corporation such as Cadbury includes the following: Survival Profit maximization- which is often taken to be the reason why firms exists and to be the primary objectives in practices most firms have a hierarchy of objectives when a firms survival is threaten it may profit maximize in order to restore its financial health. Growth- which includes Cadbury selling new products or expanding overseas. Diversification- which is the spreading of business risks by reducing dependence on one product. Sales maximization- which is the increasing of sales Improving the product image-which includes creating a new logo or launching a new brand of product and creating more attractive packaging. For example, Cadbury set out two objectives for the development of their chocolate, Fuse. These were: To grow the market for chocolate confectionery To increase Cadburys share of the snacking sector when launching a product the company Cadburys had to make sure that any new product in the snaking sector must establish points of difference, creating a unique selling proposition (USP) i.e. a product with unique appeal which is not shared by any of its competitors. Referring back to the example of Fuse, Cadbury lost a lot of money testing out the combination of various ingredients and more than 250 were combined before the recipe of the chocolate was finalized. As the products are developed, Cadbury tests them to ensure that consumers are willing to buy them. Cadbury then promotes its products in various ways such as the use of above the line promotion, which is where a product is advertised through consumer media such as television, magazines, newspapers and radio. 4ps Product My product is a re-launch of Cadbury dairy milk. Cadbury dairy milk is made from real chocolate. Its ingredients include cocoa butter and there is a glass and half full cream dairy milk in every 200 grams of Cadbury dairy milk chocolate, Cadbury buys 65 million litres of fresh milk each year to make Cadbury dairy milk chocolate. Price Price is an important element of the marketing mix. The price charged for a chocolate bar can determine whether a consumer will buy it and the level of sales achieved can determine whether or not Cadbury Schweppes will make a profit. Price is also affected by factors such as the state of the economy, what competitors are charging, the stage reached in the products life cycle and above all what price the market will bear. From the marketing point of view this is what matters. Place Cadbury dairy milk is produced at the chocolate factory in Bourneville in Birmingham. After the chocolate is produced and has undergone all the quality checks it is transported to the stockrooms. After this Cadbury sells it products to shops that deal with beverages and confectionery e.g. corner shops, super stores such as Iceland, Sainsbury, Kwik save, Tesco, Asda, Safeway and petrol station. These businesses are usually visited by customers on a daily basis. They then sell it to the general public. Cadbury produces chocolate for more than 200 countries so that they have a chance to enjoy it as well and make profit. This gives them a wide range of consumers around the world. Cadbury Schweppes therefore makes sure that the cultures of these different people are kept. They can do this by producing products, which are eaten in that particular country without upsetting religious or cultural practices. Promotion The purpose of promotion is to communicate directly with potential or existing customers, in order to encourage them to purchase dairy milk and recommend it to others. The main promotional tools are sales promotions, public relations and advertising. Production representation Cadbury monitor the production process by using total quality management to ensure that the chocolate/products that are produced are of a high quality and meet the needs of the customers, this is vital for Cadbury because they produce chocolate products mainly which has a lot of substitutes, this means that customers could loose interest in Cadbury products if their demands are not met or thought about. To enforce total quality management Cadburys have supervisors that monitor the machines, the other workers and the products that are made. Cadbury also monitor the quality of their products by using a quality assurance system, (mentioned above) total quality management TQM. TQM ensures that the products that Cadbury produces tastes good to the customers, is appealing to the customers, customer complaints are solved, listening to customers and Cadbury make continuous improvements to their products. Those are all the benefits for Cadbury monitoring the quality of their products and usin g a quality assurance method. At the moment Cadburys use TQM to monitor the quality of their products and as a quality assurance method. I think that this could be improved if other methods of quality assurance and monitoring production were used; I think that this would help to improve them. An alternative quality assurance method that Cadbury could use is benchmarking. Benchmarking is a method for comparing the performance of one business against another, this would of an advantage to Cadbury because they could compare their sales figures, production figures etc against a major competitor (Nestle for example), the comparisons would help Cadbury to set aims and goals for the business itself and once the aims have been met it may almost be certain that Cadbury is outperforming its competitor. However the competitor that Cadbury choose has to be near enough the same size business as Cadbury, this is to make the benchmarking fair. As well as the above benchmarking will help Cadbury to do better than their competitor(s). To improve the monitoring method that Cadbury could use to monitor their products, Cadburys could continue to use total quality management ? TQM and also give all the other workers more responsibilities by enforcing self-checking and inspection on the products produced at Cadbury. Self- checking is traditionally the main method of a business to achieve quality control, to ensure that the workers inspect the products professionally, correctly and properly Cadbury should make a list of things that the workers should check. In 1895, an innovation in the provision of model housing by manufacturers occurred with the development by George Cadbury of Bournville Model Village. This was the first model settlement to provide low-density housing not restricted to factory employees. This paper uses the Bournville archives to explore the accepted history of this settlement. It is argued that the accepted history is a particular reading of this planning experiment. The paper explores the construction of the ‘accepted history, identifies some of the authors behind the history and uses the minute books and secretary reports of Bournville Village Trust to construct an alternative historical narrative. The alternative history is one in which Bournville begins as a building estate rather than as a model village. The building estate was provided with no community facilities, and the houses were targeted at the lower- and upper- middle classes. Cadbury repackaged the building estate by appropriating the garden city movement; in return the garden city movement also appropriated Bournville by using it as a working example of a model garden village. The paper makes a contribution to theoretical debate by linking a literature from organizational studies concerned with story-telling and construction to historical geography.

Another Ernest Hemingway :: essays research papers

Many of Ernest Hemingway's books have had different meaning and all could be interpreted in different way, but there has never been so much written about his other stories. Well the Old Man and the Sea had more written about it than any of his other novels and there have never been so many different types of interpretations about his other novels. The Old Man and the Sea is a book in which can be interpreted in many different ways. Here you will read what many critics have composed about the story of a great writer, Ernest Hemingway. Many of the critics have the same outlook on the works of Hemingway. Hemingway's work The Old man and the Sea can be looked at in many different perspectives. All the critics believed that his styling of writing was very defined. In 1944 Ernest Hemingway went to Havana, Cuba and it was there he wrote a letter to Maxwell Perkins which states he has a idea on a new novel called The Old Man and the Sea ( Nelson and Jones 139). Hemingway first got his idea for The Old Man and the Sea from the stories that he had heard in the small fish cities in Cuba by a man named Carlos Gutierrez. He had known of this man for about twenty years and the stories of the fighting marlins. It was then that he imagined that man under the two circumstances and came up with the idea. After about twenty years of pondering on the story , he decided that he would start on the novel of The Old Man and the Sea. The story The Old Man and the Sea is about a old man named Santiago who has to over come the great forces of nature. Things seem to always go wrong for him because originally he started out going to fish for some dinner, then he caught the biggest marlin ever and it pulled him out in the bay of Cuba even more then he was. After he was pulled out, he hurt his hands and couldn't risk going to sleep because of the risk of sharks. When the sharks finally attacked he lost the marlin which had become a great part of him because he knew that no one would believe him when he told them the size of the marlin. This has to be one of the most memorable fights in a novel that I have ever seen, but I think that the way he put the novel together was just as good as that of the fight. When he put them together it was then

Explore Stevensons presentation of evil in the novel ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ Essay

In Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’, a respected doctor experiments with evil by drinking a potion to cast all of the good out of his body. This leads to many evil incidents taking place. Evil is causing pain or harm to others in a spiteful or malicious way. Victorian views of evil were closely related to religion and the way people looked. This was a safe and comforting opinion for the Victorians because they could imprison these people and could keep away from people that they thought were evil as it could be easily identified. Stevenson shows his view of evil using many different techniques mainly through characters but also through setting imagery and language. Stevenson was influenced by many different circumstances during his life. Stevenson’s childhood was a fearful one with a strict religious upbringing constantly focusing on Hell. He was very ill and therefore spent a lot of time in bed thinking about Hell. He was always alone and isolated as he was an only child so he could not discuss his feelings with anyone. This is closely linked to Jekyll not telling anyone about his double life and split personality. In university he led a double life, his life that his parents believed he led a strict and respected one compared to a hidden life of a poor, strange, evil boy. He was a lot like Edinburgh as it was in two parts. The old, dark, dangerous side and the modern, neat, respected side. This links with the novel because Jekyll is a neat and respected man whereas Hyde is an evil and dirty man. Two men called Burke and Hare influenced Stevenson. In the late 1820’s, they killed random people by smothering them and then gave the corpses the doctors at the university to publicly dissect and experiment on. They were given money for the corpses and the fresher the corpse the more money they received. Burke and Hare were later found out and publicly hung and dissected. Their skeletons were given to a museum and their skin was made into personal pocket books. This influenced Stevenson because people at this time were fascinated and Burke and Hare were like a real life Jekyll and Hyde character with a split personality. Darwin who introduced the theory of evolution also influenced him. This relates to the Hyde character that had not yet evolved from the ape like creature. After he had written the book Jack the Ripper helped its popularity because no one knew who he was and why he killed prostitutes in the brutal way he did. Many people thought his acts were evil and read the novel to try to find out why he was so wicked. Stevenson uses characters as his main presentation of evil. Jekyll and Hyde are the two major characters that show evil. Jekyll is shown as evil because he initially wants to change into Hyde and become purely evil. Also when he is Hyde he likes it ‘I felt younger, lighter, happier in body’ the list of three is very effective as they link and it gets better down the line. The use of ‘lighter’ shows us he has lost all his worries and has gained freedom and is therefore a lot happier. Jekyll gets very angry when Utterson asks him about Hyde ‘ this is a private matter and I beg of you to let it sleep’ this shows us he is deceitful and feels guilty as he does not want to talk about it. When Hyde does anything wrong Jekyll does not take any responsibility this is shown by the use of the pronoun ‘he’, ‘him’, or ‘his’. This shows us does not think of himself as evil because he is a respected doctor and everyone else thinks good of him. Stevenson describes Jekyll as ‘ a large, well-made, smoothed faced man of fifty, with something of a slyish cast’ this shows us that he is perceived as suspicious. Jekyll told himself that he would never turn into Hyde again but he kept Hyde’s house in Soho and all of his clothes. This proves that he was evil because he even lied to himself about what he would and would not do. Stevenson shows evil through Jekyll very effectively because people would worry that all doctors may be evil and he challenged Victorians beliefs. Hyde is the other major character that Stevenson shows evil through very effectively. One main incident where Hyde was evil was when he walked straight over a child. Stevenson wrote ‘ trampled calmly over the child’s body’ he used the word ‘calmly’, which shows Hyde has no emotion. ‘Trampled’ shows us he is fast, heavy footed and violent. The fact that it was a ‘child’ makes us very angry and sympathetic, as the girl is innocent, vulnerable and more delicate. Stevenson wrote ‘left her screaming on the ground’ this shows us that the girl was screaming in pain and he still did not care. The incident took place at ‘three o’clock of a black winter morning’ this makes it sound very eerie and makes us think that Hyde is being secretive because it is dark and any crimes he has committed can be hidden. The girl was described as ‘8 or 10 who was running as hard as she was able. This tells us that she was running to get some help for someone, as she was a nice caring person. This is a contrast to Hyde who is a horrible person out in the streets committing crimes. When a doctor came to see the child and asks what happened he ‘turns sick and white with a desire to kill him’ this shows us that the doctor was very angry as he wants to kill someone when his life ambition is to save peoples lives. Also doctors see horrible things every day but when Hyde tramples over a girl, it makes him ill. This is a contrast with Hyde who shows no emotion at all. Another example where Hyde was evil was his meeting with Utterson. Hyde ‘ shrank back with a hissing intake of breath’. ‘Shrank back’ shows us he is scared and does not want to talk to anyone. ‘Hissing’ compares him to an animal, which can be perceived as evil and again like an animal is warning Utterson to keep away. In addition, as Hyde is like an animal he has no conscience and is instinctive. After Utterson had commented on his bad language Hyde ‘snarled aloud into a savage laugh’. ‘laugh’ tells us he is rebellious and childlike. ‘savage’ shows us again that he is untamed and uncivilised. Much like an animal, he is unpredictable and worries the reader. ‘snarled’ again links to him being animal like and has not yet evolved from the ape like form. The last incident where Hyde is evil is the Carew murder. this is the most evil thing Hyde does because he brutally murders an innocent man. ‘Hailing down a storm of blows under which the bones where audibly shattered’ this tells us that he was hit with so much force that a woman in her house could hear each bone break. This was a very brutal murder a crime that was so evil that it makes Hyde even more so. The weather imagery is used to show power ‘hailing’. The ‘body jumped upon the railway’ this shows how much extreme force was used Hyde is again even more evil now as Carew was defenceless as he was dead and yet Hyde continued to beat him. The readers have sympathy for Carew ‘ aged and beautiful gentleman with white hair’ because Hyde killed a man that was so innocent unlike himself. Stevenson uses the two main characters Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde to show evil very effectively and in a clear way for the reader as Jekyll denies his involvement with Hyde and Hyde himself commits terrible crimes, is very rude, and has no conscience. Another way Stevenson shows us evil is through his minor characters. Firstly Lanyon who after being asked if he would like the watch the transformation replied ‘ I have gone to far in the way of inexplicable services to pause before I see the end’ . This shows us he was evil because he wanted to see that transformation and see what happens. Also, the use of ‘inexplicable services’ makes the reader wonder what other evil tasks he has taken part in. Utterson is also evil because he ‘sprang up and grew aspace curiosity to behold the features of the real Hyde’. ‘sprang up and grew’ shows us that his curiosity is uncontrollable. He is also interested in seeing what a real evil person may look like , he seemed too curious just to be concerned for a friend and just wants to find out about evil for himself. In addition, the police officer could be perceived as evil as he was more interested in the prospect of promotion than trying to help the community. ‘ The next moment his eye lighted up with professional ambition’ he does not care about anyone but himself. The use of ‘lighted up’ is imagery of a fire that is uncontrollable, like evil urges. The last evil minor character is the maid who cares for Hyde’s house in Soho she knows that something is not right but she does not tell anyone about her suspicion. ‘ as housekeeper a creature whom I well knew to be silent and unscrupulous’ this shows us evil in Jekyll because he wanted a housekeeper that was dishonest and unprincipled. ‘ she had an evil face , smoothed by hypocrisy’ this shows us she was hiding her evil side by the way she looked. ‘But her manners were excellent’ this shows us that Stevenson believed you could change the way you acted and looked to disguise evil. Stevenson used minor characters to portray his opinion that everyone had evil in them. He wanted to frighten the reader and challenge Victorian views. The setting is another way that Stevenson shows us evil. Many of the evil incidents that took place happened in dark of the night. This links to the secrecy of Hyde and how he does not want to communicate with anybody or be seen. There are two doors the one for Hyde to enter through and the one for Jekyll to enter through. The rear entrance was described as ‘ a blind forehead of discoloured wall on the upper the marks of prolonged and sordid negligence’ this is symbolism for Hyde as he does not look after himself or care what he looks like. ‘neither bell nor knocker’ tells us he does not want to communicate with anyone. Hyde’s entrance is at the back of the house because he must be hidden. ‘sinister block of a building’ is also symbolism as he is an evil man. Jekyll’s front entrance is described as an ‘ancient handsome house’ this symbolises Jekyll as he is a respected man in the community so has a house to represent h is. In conclusion, Stevenson presents his view of evil in many ways mainly through the major and minor characters but also through language setting and imagery. Stevenson has many messages about evil he believes that everyone has evil in them and if this evil is brought out and used more that good you will become evil forever this is shown through Jekyll when he starts to involuntarily change into Hyde. he is also criticising Victorian society and challenging Victorians perceptions, which oppresses evil. He takes out his anger on doctors because when he was younger he was very ill and doctors could not help him. Stevenson is very effective in showing his opinion because he uses very strong language and opinions which appealed to the Victorian society and for some people appeal to their evil side today. It is quite relevant to the current world because there are Jekyll and Hyde characters in modern day society for example Dr shipman who killed between fifty and sixty people even though he is a doctor and is meant to save people lives not end them.